I am using a Dumore 1/4HP flex shaft die grinder (22,000 RPM) mounted in an aluminum block that bolts to the side of the head. I have had this tool for about 30 years. It was expensive back when I purchased it new and now is somewhere around US$ 1,000 methinks. You might find one used, but I'll be taking mine to my grave as would most owners. Shown in operation here:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r9Zf_5yHB1IIf runout and longevity are concerns, you would want to avoid the hobby level stuff like Fordome, etc. Use something that is intended for high speed grinding in a shop environment. An interesting thought would be to get a used Dumore tool post gringer and mount a 1/2"-20 mounted ER-16 collet holder on the end of the shaft. These grinders are pretty common on ebay. Runout would be the challenge with such a setup, I would imagine. Runout and dynamic balance are the critical issues in this application.
I built a mount and drive setup for a fellow to drive an industrial engraving spindle using a laminate trimmer motor thru a round belt setup, but I think that air turbines are the best solution. Note that these tools are very different from a vane type air die grinder or similar tools that are extremely noisy and require oiled air.
If I were inclined to go the 'mount-an-inexpensive-die-grinder' rout, I would probably use this one:
http://cgi.ebay.com/Metabo-GE700-3-7-000-27-000rpm-6-2Amp-Die-Grinder-NEW-/330461681654?pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0 It has good reviews, a steel nose for mounting (very important), good speed and power (electronic torque comp), and comes with a 1/4" collet and most importantly for engraving, it has a factory 1/8" collet option available for it.