I do not like spending money until I find out where the problem lies.
I run 220CNm motors on my Warco Lathe. I have Stepmaster drivers. I do not have a breakout board, but run the drivers direct from an old printer cable about 18" long. I got the motors from ArcEuroTrade.
The motors were eight wire that I connected in series to make bi-polar motors. I run them from a 24 volt supply - from large batteries which ensures a steady voltage over a wide current range.
My only difference to your set-up is that the motors are geared down 3 to 1 to drive my axis and therefore I need 6400 steps per rev.
I have tested my set-up quite rigourously for accuracy - I am fortunate because I kept the old 1thou dials on when I converted it, so you can see that the lathe returns to where it started - or you can have a second check on distance travelled. The geared down drive was because I tried using smaller motors - which kept missing steps. With the 220 performance is fine and I upped the gearing to 3 to 1 from 5 to one.
With these settings I have found it impossible to move my axis faster than 4 inches per minute - but I am happy to trade accuracy for speed.
Without getting your ****** in a twist, I think you must be patient and keep trying to find where the loss is. Yes - from what you have said, it would seem that you are loosing steps, but in one direction only.
I cannot think that this will be in the middle of travel, but is probably at the start or finish.
Make up a table with different settings on it. Try a different set of motor speeds and do short - say 1 to 6 inches movement, and check them with digital calipers - in both directions. Start with slow movement and slow acceleration, and see if you were ever accurate.
Gradually increase the speed of travel, and finally the acceleration.
I left my pulse length at 5 - I tried putting in 10 but it didn't seem to take it.
This may sound a bit complicated - but with a little thought you can do it all in an evening.
I have to be careful with my set up - which works perfectly in the mid area of my lathe (which, or course, I used to use a lot) but at the extreme ends, I can loose steps, where the lathe (not the steppers) sticks a fraction.
There must be an answer.
Jim