I have no idea why you were told to use L1 & L3. Teco (Westinghouse), Toshiba G3, G4, Automation Direct and almost all single phase VFD's including the cheap Chinese junk VFD's are electrical the same use L1 & L2. I have a Automation Direct GS-2, 2hp, 240V drive wired to L1 & L2... runs great. I don't think the drive is damaged unless it faults out on "OC" when powering it up. If you get a "OC".... the drive's power section has failed.
Again... NEVER use a circuit breaker as a on/off switch unless it's rated for switching. If it is, it will be marked "SDR", "SWR" or "SW" on the case. Buy a separate 2 pole power switch instead which is allot cheaper than replacing a 2 pole 20A or 30A breaker.
One thing to consider is the incoming power wire size and distance from the circuit breaker panel... a 3hp motor and VFD, 200V-240V should have no less than #12 AWG with #10 AWG being the preferred to prevent voltage drop and overheating the conductors.
Let me know how you make out.