. . . and the motor is clamped and left active, the current will climb in order to attempt to position the motor within the specified following error if any occurs.
This is a function of the servo drive, and as I pointed out, some drives have the ability to automatically engage limits during the condition you describe. Some even allow you to set the range in encoder counts within which this limit is applied.
You cannot guarantee that positioning a servo to a certain position and then braking it that there will not be any servo error occur at any point.
Actually, you can. Again it depends on the servo drive you are using.
I understand the thought process that ends in "do not restrain an active servo motor", but while this advice was valid, I am finding that it is no longer universally applicable. An analogy would be the advice to 'pump your brakes when you are driving on ice' which was of course valid and taught in any driving class . . . until anti-lock brakes came along. I discover that there are some clever people out there designing servo drives that have actually though about this topic and built some interesting features into the drives. Not all drives mind you, but some. There are still a lot of cars on the road without anti lock brakes also, so 'pump the brakes' is still good advice, but not in all cases . . since pumping anti lock brakes is a decidedly bad idea.
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