The original idea was to have moderators from all time zones so we had 24 hour coverage. As we have just about stopped the spammers that used to drive us all mad with there constant bombardment we probably don't need as many, but what the hell it costs nothing to have plenty.
G31 z-10 f25. will move the z axis minus 10mm unless it senses the probe touch something. At the touch point it stops and you can take a reading and do what ever you want with the data by calling a M code.
The probe can be mounted anywhere on the machine, you will have to know where it is in relation to the spindle so you know how much to offset the x,y positions by.
You can write your own commands into the g-code to take measurements at known points to do this you can use the G31 command.
Most probing routines take 2 or 3 hits per reading, first is a fast traverse to find the object, it then backs off say 1mm (.040") and then slow feeds to find position. For very fine detail it backs off again .25mm (.010") and then creeps to find the position. At this point the final reading is taken. The accuracy is then down to the trigger action of the probe.