Hi Tweakie
Really loving this post, great pioneering stuff.
Don't know anything about lasers, but the melting point of calcium carbonate is about 825 deg C. How hot do you think the laser is at the focal point?
The other thing to think about is the chemistry angle. I think vinegar will dissolve calcuim carbonate, so perhaps once you have engraved as much as you can, then soaking in this for a limited amount of time might dissolve the etched area and go right through before the main shell dissolved. Hot vinegar would be quicker.
Or you could coat the whole shell with varnish, then etch away the image, then soak in hot vinegar. This would be a bit like printed circuit board manufacture (sort of).
Good luck with it all

Thanks
Barry